澳大利亚牧羊犬(Australian Shepherd )FCI标准(英文版)
2012-12-26 16:01:19 | 编辑:编辑部-1
澳大利亚牧牛犬(Australian Cattle Dog)
FCI编号No.287
■ 原产地
澳大利亚
■ 用途
牧牛犬
■ FCI分类
第1组: 牧羊犬 牧牛犬
第1部分: 牧羊犬
■ 沿革
澳大利亚牧牛犬来源比较复杂,经过多次杂交后而得到,曾以澳大利亚海勒斯为名,后来定名为澳大利亚牧牛犬,这是现在整个澳大利亚认可的该品种的官方名称。于1980年5月1日在美国养犬俱乐部被登记注册,并于1980年9月1日取得工作犬协会的展示资格。后来转入1983年1月1日正式成立的牧羊犬协会。
■ 一般外貌
该犬是一种强壮、多用途、身体匀称的工作犬。有能力并且愿意执行任何危险困难的任务。它具有坚实、有力、匀称和肌肉发达的特征,给人以非常机敏灵活、有力和坚韧的印象。若是出现肥胖或瘦弱都将视为缺点。
■ 性情
精力充沛,机警、勇敢,天生的牧牛犬和护牛犬。吃苦耐劳,相当机警,工作时总是一声不吭、吠叫声象猫头鹰。
■ 头部(head)
头较宽,两耳间略拱,与身体的其它部位相称并保持平衡。
◆ 额头部(cranial region)
额头(skull)
宽,恰当地衔接于两眼下方。
眶下脊(stop)
肌肉发达,但是既不粗糙也不明显突出。
◆ 颜面部(facial region)
鼻(nose)
鼻为黑色,与身体颜色一致。
口角(muzzle)
逐渐变细,中等长度,厚而结实。
唇(lips)
嘴唇紧张而干净。
颚/齿(jaws/teeth)
下颌结实、厚而发育良好。牙齿健全结实,排列规则,呈剪状咬合,下切齿闭于后方能触及上切齿,并且牙齿既不内突也不外突。
眼(eyes)
眼睛呈椭圆形,中等大小,既不突出也不凹陷,流露出警觉和机智。警觉和好奇的眼神是它的特点。眼睛颜色为深棕色。
耳(ears)
两耳中等大小,小耳优于大耳。耳根部宽阔,肌肉丰厚,竖立、中等尖耳(既不是匙形也不是球拍形)。在使用它们时,耳根部扩张,向下、向外运动,当处于警觉状态时,两耳直立。耳内侧有适当的饰毛。
■ 颈(neck)
颈相当结实有力,中等长度,从喉部向下逐渐变宽并弯向身体。
■ 躯体(body)
从胸骨前端到臀部的直线为体长,体长大于体高,其比约为10:9。
背(back)
背线水平,背部结实。肋骨适度弯曲,后方有肋骨穹隆(不是穹隆宽大)。
胸深而肌肉发达,中等宽阔。
腰(loins)
腰宽厚,肌肉发达。在前后躯之间有很深的侧腹联合。
■ 尾(tail)
尾顺着倾斜的臀部自然下垂,尾末端有一小钩上翘,其长度可抵达跗关节。在运动或兴奋时它可上举,平时尾巴应该与地面垂直。
■ 四肢(limbs)
◆ 前肢(forequarters)
肩(shoulders)
两肩宽阔,略微倾斜,臂骨以上结实而有棱角。两肩的肩胛骨的最高点不能离得太近。
上臂(upper arm)
前肢为粗壮的圆形骨骼,一直延伸到脚。
掌(pastem)
掌部并不软弱。从前面看,两腿根直,但是掌部与前臂骨呈一定角度。
◆ 后肢(hindquarters)
膝关节(stifles)
膝关节处弯曲适当。
跗关节(hocks)
跗关节结实,稍微低位。从后面看,跗关节与脚在一条直线上,离得既不太近也不太远。
趾(feet)
脚呈圆形,脚趾短,结实,拱起,紧凑。脚垫硬而厚,爪短而结实。
■ 步态/运动(gait/movement)
体格健全是最重要的。行动合适、自由,温顺而持久。两肩和前肢与后肢的推进应协调一致。快速运动和爆发力是本犬所必须具备的。耸肩、负重、肩松弛或肩太直,肘、跗关节呈弓形或爪子松弛,膝关节直硬,都将视为严重缺点。
■ 被毛(coat)
◆ 毛(hair)
外层硬毛中等长度,直、质地良好,不随天气变化而变化。下面是短而密的绒毛。身体后面的毛较长,使臀部显得平缓。尾部毛多,形成刷状。头部、前肢和从跗关节到地面的后肢部分被有短毛。
◆ 毛色(color)
蓝色
毛色应为蓝色或可有可无斑点的蓝色花斑。在头部可以有黑色、蓝色或棕褐色的斑点,并且应该平均分布。前腿中部为棕褐色并一直扩展到前胸和喉部及下颌。在后躯的后腿内侧,腹股沟向下到膝关节一直扩展到跗关节到脚趾的外侧为棕褐色。棕褐色的下层绒毛可出现在身体上,但它不能出现在蓝色的外展毛中。身体上面出现黑色斑点不受欢迎。
红色斑点
在头部最好出现红色斑点,包括(不能是白色或淡黄色)有或无的深红色斑点的下层绒毛。身体上可出现红斑,但这不受人们欢迎。
■ 尺寸
体高 雄性 45.7cm~55.9cm。
雌性 43.2cm~48.3cm。
雄犬、雌犬高于或低于该尺寸将视为不理想的尺寸。
■ 缺陷
与上面所记述各项偏离者为缺陷,缺陷的程度视偏离的程度而定。
■ N.B.
雄性犬有两个明显的睾丸完全悬于阴囊内。
FCI-Standard N°293 /21.04.1997. / GB
AUSTRALIAN KELPIE
ORIGIN : Australia.
DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 11.09.1989.
UTILIZATION : Sheepdog
CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. :
Group 1 Sheepdogs and Cattledogs (except Swiss cattledogs).
Section 1 Sheepdogs.
With working trial.
GENERAL APPEARANCE : The general appearance shall be that of a lithe, active dog of great quality, showing hard muscular condition combined with great suppleness of limb and conveying the capability of untiring work. It must be free from any suggestion of weediness.
BEHAVIOUR /CHARACTER : The Kelpie is extremely alert, eager and highly intelligent, with a mild, tractable disposition and an almost inexhaustible energy, with marked loyalty and devotion to duty. It has a natural instinct and aptitude in working of sheep, both in open country and in the yard. Any defect of structure or temperament foreign to a working dog must be regarded as uncharacteristic.
HEAD : The head is in proportion to the size of the dog. The overall shape and contours produce a rather fox like expression, which is softened by the almond-shaped eyes.
CRANIAL REGION :
Skull : Slightly rounded and broad between the ears. The forehead running in a straight profile towards the stop.
Stop : Pronounced.
FACIAL REGION :
Nose : The colour conforms to that of the body coat.
Muzzle : Cleanly chiselled and defined, preferably slightly shorter in length than the skull.
Lips : Tight and clean, free from looseness.
Teeth : The teeth should be sound, strong and evenly spaced, the lower incisors just behind but touching the upper; that is a scissor bite.
Cheeks : Neither coarse nor prominent, but round to the foreface.
Eyes : The eyes are almond shaped, of medium size, clearly defined at the corners, and show an intelligent and eager expression. The colour of the eyes to be brown, harmonising with the colour of the coat. In the case of blue dogs a lighter coloured eye is permissible.
Ears : The ears are pricked and running to a fine point at the tips, the leather fine but strong at the base, set wide apart on the skull and inclining outwards, slightly curved on the outer edge and of moderate size. The inside of the ears are well furnished with hair.
NECK : The neck is of moderate length, strong, slightly arched, gradually moulding into the shoulders, free from throatiness and showing a fair amount of ruff.
BODY : The length of the dog from the forechest in a straight line to the buttocks is greater than the height at the withers as 10 is to 9.
Topline : Firm, level.
Loins : Strong and well muscled.
Croup : Rather long and sloping.
Chest : Deep rather than wide.
Ribs : Well sprung.
Flank : Of good depth.
TAIL : The tail during rest should hang in a very slight curve.
During movement of excitement it may be raised, but under no circumstances should the tail be carried past a vertical line drawn through the root. It should be furnished with a good brush.
Set on a position to blend with sloping croup, and it should reach approximately to the hock.
LIMBS
FOREQUARTERS :The forelegs should be muscular with strong but refined bone, straight and parallel when viewed from the front.
Shoulders : Clean, muscular, well sloping with the shoulder-blades close set at the withers.
Upperarm : Should be at a right angle with the shoulder-blade.
Elbow : Neither in nor out.
Pastern : When viewed from the side, the pasterns should show a slight slope to ensure flexibility of movement and the ability to turn quickly.
HINDQUARTERS :Should show breadth and strength. When viewed from behind, the hind legs, from the hocks to the feet, are straight and placed parallel, neither close nor too wide apart.
Stifles : Well turned.
Hock : Fairly well let down.
Feet : The feet should be round, strong, deep in pads, with close knit well arched toes and strong short nails.
GAIT/MOVEMENT : To produce the almost limiteless stamina demanded of a working sheepdog in wide open spaces, the kelpie must be perfectly sound, both in construction and movement. Any tendency to cow hocks, bow hocks, stiltiness, loose shoulders or restricted movement weaving or plaiting is a serious fault. Movement should be free and tireless and the dog must have the ability to turn suddenly at speed. When trotting the feet tend to come closer together at ground level as speed increases, but when the dog comes to rest it stands four square.
COAT
HAIR : The coat is a double coat with a short dense undercoat. The outer coat is close, each hair straight, hard and lying flat, so that it is rain-resisting. Under the body, to behind the legs, the coat is longer and forms near the thigh a mild form of breeching.
On the head ( including the inside of the ears), to the front of the legs and feet, the hair is short. Along the neck it is longer and thicker forming a ruff. The tail should be furnished with a good brush. A coat either too long or too short is a fault. As an average, the hairs on the body should be from 2 to 3 cm (approx.3/4 - 1.1/4) in length.
COLOUR : Black, black and tan, red, red and tan, fawn,chocolate, and smoke blue.
SIZE : Height : The height at the withers shall be for the dogs 46 to 51 centimeters (approx. 18-20 ins.) Bitches 43 to 48 centimeters (approx. 17-19 ins.)
FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.
N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.